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Updated FAQs (markdown)

Bill Zimmerman 2020-01-01 17:48:27 -08:00
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FAQs.md

@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ This has been written to address some frequently asked questions among users of
* [How do I exclude NAT rules from IP traffic on localhost?](#iptables)
* [Why is the 802.11ac 5GHz option disabled in Configure hotspot?](#80211ac)
* [I think my country allows 5 GHz AP channels. Can I test this?](#wificountries)
* [Why is the maximum throughput of my 802.11n AP reduced by half?](#wirelessn)
### <a name="settings"></a>What do all these settings in the UI do? Changing them seems to have no effect.
RaspAP manipulates several daemons, services and helper programs behind the scenes for you. In the footer of each management panel is a helpful "Information provided by..." label. These indicate which Linux daemon and/or program is being modified by the UI. Learning what these services are and how they work will go a long way toward demystifying things.
@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
Refer to [this issue](https://github.com/billz/raspap-webgui/issues/333#issue-454352554).
### <a name="80211ac"></a> Why is the 802.11ac 5GHz wireless mode option disabled in Configure hotspot?
**Short answer:** because of wireless regulatory restrictions. If the AC option is disabled on your RPi, there are two small configuration changes you can make to enable it. First, configure your RPi's wireless regulatory domain with `sudo iw reg set US`. Next, on the **Advanced** tab of **Configure hotspot**, choose "United States" as the country code and save settings. You can now choose 802.11ac from the wireless mode select on the **Basic** tab.
**Short answer:** because of wireless regulatory restrictions for your country. If the AC option is disabled on your RPi, there are two small configuration changes you can make to enable it. First, configure your RPi's wireless regulatory domain with `sudo iw reg set US`. Next, on the **Advanced** tab of **Configure hotspot**, choose "United States" as the country code and save settings. You can now choose 802.11ac from the wireless mode select on the **Basic** tab.
Choosing the AC wireless mode will populate the supported 5 GHz channels for you.
@ -316,4 +317,18 @@ define('RASPI_5GHZ_ISO_ALPHA2', array('US'));
The **Configure hotspot** page will now let you select AC as a wireless mode option for your country. If you succeed in creating a stable AP, feel free to share your results in [this issue](https://github.com/billz/raspap-webgui/issues/450).
**Note:** it is recommended to monitor logs such as `dmesg` and the hostapd error log (available in the **Logfile output** tab of RaspAP) while doing this. Bug reports like "AC doesn't work" and/or troubleshooting requests will not be considered. No hard feelings.
**Note:** it is recommended to monitor logs such as `dmesg` and the hostapd error log (available in the **Logfile output** tab of RaspAP) while doing this. Bug reports like "AC doesn't work" and/or troubleshooting requests will not be considered. No hard feelings.
### <a name="wirelessn"></a>Why is the maximum throughput of my 802.11n AP reduced by half?
In order to achieve optimal throughput with 802.11n, the wireless stream must operate at a 40 MHz wide channel on the 2.4 GHz band. A 20 MHz channel will restrict you to 72 Mbps. Your `hostapd.conf` might have the required settings, but this is no guarantee of a 40 MHz channel.
In practice, this can be quite difficult due to interference on the 2.4 GHz band. There are many things that will cause an AP to fallback to 20 MHz. The most common reason is if an AP detects another wireless network within 40 MHz, i.e. two channels, of its own channel. For example, if an AP is set to channel 6, another network operating anywhere from channel 4 to 8 will trigger a fallback. hostapd will usually report a fallback like so:
```
20/40 MHz operation not permitted on channel pri=3 sec=7 based on overlapping BSSes
```
For more information on optimizing 802.11n, check out this [excellent resource](https://www.lmi.net/wp-content/uploads/Optimizing_802.11n.pdf).
Generally speaking, the 5 GHz band has substantially greater capacity due to more non-overlapping radio channels and less radio interference as compared to the 2.4 GHz band.