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add idl4k kernel firmware version 1.13.0.105

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This commit is contained in:
Jaroslav Kysela
2015-03-26 17:22:37 +01:00
parent 5194d2792e
commit e9070cdc77
31064 changed files with 12769984 additions and 0 deletions
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1
kernel/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/.gitignore vendored Normal file
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!*.xml

1473
kernel/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/audio.xml Normal file
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kernel/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/ca.xml Normal file
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<title>DVB CA Device</title>
<para>The DVB CA device controls the conditional access hardware. It can be accessed through
<emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0</emphasis>. Data types and and ioctl definitions can be accessed by
including <emphasis role="tt">linux/dvb/ca.h</emphasis> in your application.
</para>
<section id="ca_data_types">
<title>CA Data Types</title>
<section id="ca_slot_info_t">
<title>ca_slot_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
/&#x22C6; slot interface types and info &#x22C6;/
typedef struct ca_slot_info_s {
int num; /&#x22C6; slot number &#x22C6;/
int type; /&#x22C6; CA interface this slot supports &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI 1 /&#x22C6; CI high level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_LINK 2 /&#x22C6; CI link layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_PHYS 4 /&#x22C6; CI physical layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_SC 128 /&#x22C6; simple smart card interface &#x22C6;/
unsigned int flags;
#define CA_CI_MODULE_PRESENT 1 /&#x22C6; module (or card) inserted &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_MODULE_READY 2
} ca_slot_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca_descr_info_t">
<title>ca_descr_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr_info_s {
unsigned int num; /&#x22C6; number of available descramblers (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int type; /&#x22C6; type of supported scrambling system &#x22C6;/
#define CA_ECD 1
#define CA_NDS 2
#define CA_DSS 4
} ca_descr_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca_cap_t">
<title>ca_cap_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_cap_s {
unsigned int slot_num; /&#x22C6; total number of CA card and module slots &#x22C6;/
unsigned int slot_type; /&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_num; /&#x22C6; total number of descrambler slots (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_type;/&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
} ca_cap_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca_msg_t">
<title>ca_msg_t</title>
<programlisting>
/&#x22C6; a message to/from a CI-CAM &#x22C6;/
typedef struct ca_msg_s {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int type;
unsigned int length;
unsigned char msg[256];
} ca_msg_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca_descr_t">
<title>ca_descr_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr_s {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int parity;
unsigned char cw[8];
} ca_descr_t;
</programlisting>
</section></section>
<section id="ca_function_calls">
<title>CA Function Calls</title>
<section id="ca_fopen">
<title>open()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call opens a named ca device (e.g. /dev/ost/ca) for subsequent use.</para>
<para>When an open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready for use.
The significance of blocking or non-blocking mode is described in the
documentation for functions where there is a difference. It does not affect the
semantics of the open() call itself. A device opened in blocking mode can later
be put into non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command
of the fcntl system call. This is a standard system call, documented in the Linux
manual page for fcntl. Only one user can open the CA Device in O_RDWR
mode. All other attempts to open the device in this mode will fail, and an error
code will be returned.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int open(const char &#x22C6;deviceName, int flags);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>const char
*deviceName</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Name of specific video device.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int flags</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>A bit-wise OR of the following flags:</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDONLY read-only access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDWR read/write access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_NONBLOCK open in non-blocking mode</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>(blocking mode is the default)</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ENODEV</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device driver not loaded/available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINTERNAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Internal error.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBUSY</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device or resource busy.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="ca_fclose">
<title>close()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call closes a previously opened audio device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int close(int fd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
</section>

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kernel/Documentation/DocBook/dvb/demux.xml Normal file
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<title>DVB Demux Device</title>
<para>The DVB demux device controls the filters of the DVB hardware/software. It can be
accessed through <emphasis role="tt">/dev/adapter0/demux0</emphasis>. Data types and and ioctl definitions can be
accessed by including <emphasis role="tt">linux/dvb/dmx.h</emphasis> in your application.
</para>
<section id="dmx_types">
<title>Demux Data Types</title>
<section id="dmx_output_t">
<title>dmx_output_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef enum
{
DMX_OUT_DECODER,
DMX_OUT_TAP,
DMX_OUT_TS_TAP
} dmx_output_t;
</programlisting>
<para><emphasis role="tt">DMX_OUT_TAP</emphasis> delivers the stream output to the demux device on which the ioctl is
called.
</para>
<para><emphasis role="tt">DMX_OUT_TS_TAP</emphasis> routes output to the logical DVR device <emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0</emphasis>,
which delivers a TS multiplexed from all filters for which <emphasis role="tt">DMX_OUT_TS_TAP</emphasis> was
specified.
</para>
</section>
<section id="dmx_input_t">
<title>dmx_input_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef enum
{
DMX_IN_FRONTEND,
DMX_IN_DVR
} dmx_input_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dmx_pes_type_t">
<title>dmx_pes_type_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef enum
{
DMX_PES_AUDIO,
DMX_PES_VIDEO,
DMX_PES_TELETEXT,
DMX_PES_SUBTITLE,
DMX_PES_PCR,
DMX_PES_OTHER
} dmx_pes_type_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dmx_event_t">
<title>dmx_event_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef enum
{
DMX_SCRAMBLING_EV,
DMX_FRONTEND_EV
} dmx_event_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dmx_scrambling_status_t">
<title>dmx_scrambling_status_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef enum
{
DMX_SCRAMBLING_OFF,
DMX_SCRAMBLING_ON
} dmx_scrambling_status_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dmx_filter">
<title>struct dmx_filter</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct dmx_filter
{
uint8_t filter[DMX_FILTER_SIZE];
uint8_t mask[DMX_FILTER_SIZE];
} dmx_filter_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dmx_sct_filter_params">
<title>struct dmx_sct_filter_params</title>
<programlisting>
struct dmx_sct_filter_params
{
uint16_t pid;
dmx_filter_t filter;
uint32_t timeout;
uint32_t flags;
#define DMX_CHECK_CRC 1
#define DMX_ONESHOT 2
#define DMX_IMMEDIATE_START 4
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dmx_pes_filter_params">
<title>struct dmx_pes_filter_params</title>
<programlisting>
struct dmx_pes_filter_params
{
uint16_t pid;
dmx_input_t input;
dmx_output_t output;
dmx_pes_type_t pes_type;
uint32_t flags;
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dmx_event">
<title>struct dmx_event</title>
<programlisting>
struct dmx_event
{
dmx_event_t event;
time_t timeStamp;
union
{
dmx_scrambling_status_t scrambling;
} u;
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dmx_stc">
<title>struct dmx_stc</title>
<programlisting>
struct dmx_stc {
unsigned int num; /&#x22C6; input : which STC? 0..N &#x22C6;/
unsigned int base; /&#x22C6; output: divisor for stc to get 90 kHz clock &#x22C6;/
uint64_t stc; /&#x22C6; output: stc in 'base'&#x22C6;90 kHz units &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>
<section id="dmx_fcalls">
<title>Demux Function Calls</title>
<section id="dmx_fopen">
<title>open()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call, used with a device name of /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0,
allocates a new filter and returns a handle which can be used for subsequent
control of that filter. This call has to be made for each filter to be used, i.e. every
returned file descriptor is a reference to a single filter. /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0
is a logical device to be used for retrieving Transport Streams for digital
video recording. When reading from this device a transport stream containing
the packets from all PES filters set in the corresponding demux device
(/dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0) having the output set to DMX_OUT_TS_TAP. A
recorded Transport Stream is replayed by writing to this device. </para>
<para>The significance of blocking or non-blocking mode is described in the
documentation for functions where there is a difference. It does not affect the
semantics of the open() call itself. A device opened in blocking mode can later
be put into non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command
of the fcntl system call.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int open(const char &#x22C6;deviceName, int flags);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>const char
*deviceName</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Name of demux device.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int flags</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>A bit-wise OR of the following flags:</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDWR read/write access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_NONBLOCK open in non-blocking mode</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>(blocking mode is the default)</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ENODEV</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device driver not loaded/available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EMFILE</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>&#8220;Too many open files&#8221;, i.e. no more filters available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ENOMEM</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The driver failed to allocate enough memory.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_fclose">
<title>close()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call deactivates and deallocates a filter that was previously
allocated via the open() call.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int close(int fd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_fread">
<title>read()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call returns filtered data, which might be section or PES data. The
filtered data is transferred from the driver&#8217;s internal circular buffer to buf. The
maximum amount of data to be transferred is implied by count.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>When returning section data the driver always tries to return a complete single
section (even though buf would provide buffer space for more data). If the size
of the buffer is smaller than the section as much as possible will be returned,
and the remaining data will be provided in subsequent calls.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>The size of the internal buffer is 2 * 4096 bytes (the size of two maximum
sized sections) by default. The size of this buffer may be changed by using the
DMX_SET_BUFFER_SIZE function. If the buffer is not large enough, or if
the read operations are not performed fast enough, this may result in a buffer
overflow error. In this case EOVERFLOW will be returned, and the circular
buffer will be emptied. This call is blocking if there is no data to return, i.e. the
process will be put to sleep waiting for data, unless the O_NONBLOCK flag
is specified.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>Note that in order to be able to read, the filtering process has to be started
by defining either a section or a PES filter by means of the ioctl functions,
and then starting the filtering process via the DMX_START ioctl function
or by setting the DMX_IMMEDIATE_START flag. If the reading is done
from a logical DVR demux device, the data will constitute a Transport Stream
including the packets from all PES filters in the corresponding demux device
/dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0 having the output set to DMX_OUT_TS_TAP.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>size_t read(int fd, void &#x22C6;buf, size_t count);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>void *buf</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Pointer to the buffer to be used for returned filtered data.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>size_t count</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Size of buf.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EWOULDBLOCK</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>No data to return and O_NONBLOCK was specified.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ECRC</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Last section had a CRC error - no data returned. The
buffer is flushed.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EOVERFLOW</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The filtered data was not read from the buffer in due
time, resulting in non-read data being lost. The buffer is
flushed.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ETIMEDOUT</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The section was not loaded within the stated timeout
period. See ioctl DMX_SET_FILTER for how to set a
timeout.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EFAULT</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The driver failed to write to the callers buffer due to an
invalid *buf pointer.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_fwrite">
<title>write()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call is only provided by the logical device /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0,
associated with the physical demux device that provides the actual DVR
functionality. It is used for replay of a digitally recorded Transport Stream.
Matching filters have to be defined in the corresponding physical demux
device, /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0. The amount of data to be transferred is
implied by count.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ssize_t write(int fd, const void &#x22C6;buf, size_t
count);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>void *buf</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Pointer to the buffer containing the Transport Stream.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>size_t count</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Size of buf.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EWOULDBLOCK</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>No data was written. This
might happen if O_NONBLOCK was specified and there
is no more buffer space available (if O_NONBLOCK is
not specified the function will block until buffer space is
available).</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBUSY</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>This error code indicates that there are conflicting
requests. The corresponding demux device is setup to
receive data from the front- end. Make sure that these
filters are stopped and that the filters with input set to
DMX_IN_DVR are started.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_start">
<title>DMX_START</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call is used to start the actual filtering operation defined via the ioctl
calls DMX_SET_FILTER or DMX_SET_PES_FILTER.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request = DMX_START);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals DMX_START for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument, i.e. no filtering parameters provided via
the DMX_SET_FILTER or DMX_SET_PES_FILTER
functions.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBUSY</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>This error code indicates that there are conflicting
requests. There are active filters filtering data from
another input source. Make sure that these filters are
stopped before starting this filter.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_stop">
<title>DMX_STOP</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call is used to stop the actual filtering operation defined via the
ioctl calls DMX_SET_FILTER or DMX_SET_PES_FILTER and started via
the DMX_START command.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request = DMX_STOP);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals DMX_STOP for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_set_filter">
<title>DMX_SET_FILTER</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call sets up a filter according to the filter and mask parameters
provided. A timeout may be defined stating number of seconds to wait for a
section to be loaded. A value of 0 means that no timeout should be applied.
Finally there is a flag field where it is possible to state whether a section should
be CRC-checked, whether the filter should be a &#8221;one-shot&#8221; filter, i.e. if the
filtering operation should be stopped after the first section is received, and
whether the filtering operation should be started immediately (without waiting
for a DMX_START ioctl call). If a filter was previously set-up, this filter will
be canceled, and the receive buffer will be flushed.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request = DMX_SET_FILTER,
struct dmx_sct_filter_params &#x22C6;params);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals DMX_SET_FILTER for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct
dmx_sct_filter_params
*params</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Pointer to structure containing filter parameters.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_set_pes_filter">
<title>DMX_SET_PES_FILTER</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call sets up a PES filter according to the parameters provided. By a
PES filter is meant a filter that is based just on the packet identifier (PID), i.e.
no PES header or payload filtering capability is supported.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>The transport stream destination for the filtered output may be set. Also the
PES type may be stated in order to be able to e.g. direct a video stream directly
to the video decoder. Finally there is a flag field where it is possible to state
whether the filtering operation should be started immediately (without waiting
for a DMX_START ioctl call). If a filter was previously set-up, this filter will
be cancelled, and the receive buffer will be flushed.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request = DMX_SET_PES_FILTER,
struct dmx_pes_filter_params &#x22C6;params);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals DMX_SET_PES_FILTER for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct
dmx_pes_filter_params
*params</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Pointer to structure containing filter parameters.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBUSY</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>This error code indicates that there are conflicting
requests. There are active filters filtering data from
another input source. Make sure that these filters are
stopped before starting this filter.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dms_set_buffer_size">
<title>DMX_SET_BUFFER_SIZE</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call is used to set the size of the circular buffer used for filtered data.
The default size is two maximum sized sections, i.e. if this function is not called
a buffer size of 2 * 4096 bytes will be used.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request =
DMX_SET_BUFFER_SIZE, unsigned long size);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals DMX_SET_BUFFER_SIZE for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>unsigned long size</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Size of circular buffer.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ENOMEM</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The driver was not able to allocate a buffer of the
requested size.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_get_event">
<title>DMX_GET_EVENT</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns an event if available. If an event is not available,
the behavior depends on whether the device is in blocking or non-blocking
mode. In the latter case, the call fails immediately with errno set to
EWOULDBLOCK. In the former case, the call blocks until an event becomes
available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>The standard Linux poll() and/or select() system calls can be used with the
device file descriptor to watch for new events. For select(), the file descriptor
should be included in the exceptfds argument, and for poll(), POLLPRI should
be specified as the wake-up condition. Only the latest event for each filter is
saved.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request = DMX_GET_EVENT,
struct dmx_event &#x22C6;ev);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals DMX_GET_EVENT for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct dmx_event *ev</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Pointer to the location where the event is to be stored.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EFAULT</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>ev points to an invalid address.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EWOULDBLOCK</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>There is no event pending, and the device is in
non-blocking mode.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="dmx_get_stc">
<title>DMX_GET_STC</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the current value of the system time counter (which is driven
by a PES filter of type DMX_PES_PCR). Some hardware supports more than one
STC, so you must specify which one by setting the num field of stc before the ioctl
(range 0...n). The result is returned in form of a ratio with a 64 bit numerator
and a 32 bit denominator, so the real 90kHz STC value is stc-&#x003E;stc /
stc-&#x003E;base
.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request = DMX_GET_STC, struct
dmx_stc &#x22C6;stc);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals DMX_GET_STC for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct dmx_stc *stc</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Pointer to the location where the stc is to be stored.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>ERRORS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EFAULT</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>stc points to an invalid address.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid stc number.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section></section>

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<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Ralph</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">J. K.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Marcus</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">O. C.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Mauro</firstname>
<surname>Chehab</surname>
<othername role="mi">Carvalho</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>mchehab@redhat.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Ported document to Docbook XML.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<year>2003</year>
<year>2009</year>
<holder>Convergence GmbH</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.1</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-16</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Added ISDB-T test originally written by Patrick Boettcher
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>Conversion from LaTex to DocBook XML. The
contents is the same as the original LaTex version.</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2003-07-24</date>
<authorinitials>rjkm</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision on LaTEX.</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>LINUX DVB API</title>
<subtitle>Version 3</subtitle>
<!-- ADD THE CHAPTERS HERE -->
<chapter id="dvb_introdution">
&sub-intro;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_frontend">
&sub-frontend;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_demux">
&sub-demux;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_video">
&sub-video;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_audio">
&sub-audio;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_ca">
&sub-ca;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_net">
&sub-net;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_kdapi">
&sub-kdapi;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_examples">
&sub-examples;
</chapter>
<!-- END OF CHAPTERS -->

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<title>Examples</title>
<para>In this section we would like to present some examples for using the DVB API.
</para>
<para>Maintainer note: This section is out of date. Please refer to the sample programs packaged
with the driver distribution from <ulink url="http://linuxtv.org/hg/dvb-apps" />.
</para>
<section id="tuning">
<title>Tuning</title>
<para>We will start with a generic tuning subroutine that uses the frontend and SEC, as well as
the demux devices. The example is given for QPSK tuners, but can easily be adjusted for
QAM.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/sec.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DMX "/dev/dvb/adapter0/demux1"
#define FRONT "/dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend1"
#define SEC "/dev/dvb/adapter0/sec1"
/&#x22C6; routine for checking if we have a signal and other status information&#x22C6;/
int FEReadStatus(int fd, fe_status_t &#x22C6;stat)
{
int ans;
if ( (ans = ioctl(fd,FE_READ_STATUS,stat) &#x003C; 0)){
perror("FE READ STATUS: ");
return -1;
}
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_POWER)
printf("FE HAS POWER\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_SIGNAL)
printf("FE HAS SIGNAL\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_SPECTRUM_INV)
printf("SPEKTRUM INV\n");
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; tune qpsk &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; freq: frequency of transponder &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid, tpid: PIDs of video, audio and teletext TS packets &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; diseqc: DiSEqC address of the used LNB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; pol: Polarisation &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; srate: Symbol Rate &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; fec. FEC &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof1: local frequency of lower LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof2: local frequency of upper LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_slof: switch frequency of LNB &#x22C6;/
int set_qpsk_channel(int freq, int vpid, int apid, int tpid,
int diseqc, int pol, int srate, int fec, int lnb_lof1,
int lnb_lof2, int lnb_slof)
{
struct secCommand scmd;
struct secCmdSequence scmds;
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
FrontendParameters frp;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
FrontendEvent event;
int demux1, demux2, demux3, front;
frequency = (uint32_t) freq;
symbolrate = (uint32_t) srate;
if((front = open(FRONT,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("FRONTEND DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if((sec = open(SEC,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux3 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux3=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (freq &#x003C; lnb_slof) {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof1);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_OFF;
} else {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof2);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_ON;
}
frp.Inversion = INVERSION_AUTO;
if (pol) scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_18;
else scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_13;
scmd.type=0;
scmd.u.diseqc.addr=0x10;
scmd.u.diseqc.cmd=0x38;
scmd.u.diseqc.numParams=1;
scmd.u.diseqc.params[0] = 0xF0 | ((diseqc &#x22C6; 4) &amp; 0x0F) |
(scmds.continuousTone == SEC_TONE_ON ? 1 : 0) |
(scmds.voltage==SEC_VOLTAGE_18 ? 2 : 0);
scmds.miniCommand=SEC_MINI_NONE;
scmds.numCommands=1;
scmds.commands=&amp;scmd;
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
frp.u.qpsk.SymbolRate = srate;
frp.u.qpsk.FEC_inner = fec;
if (ioctl(front, FE_SET_FRONTEND, &amp;frp) &#x003C; 0){
perror("QPSK TUNE: ");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = front;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
if (poll(pfd,1,3000)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
printf("Getting QPSK event\n");
if ( ioctl(front, FE_GET_EVENT, &amp;event)
== -EOVERFLOW){
perror("qpsk get event");
return -1;
}
printf("Received ");
switch(event.type){
case FE_UNEXPECTED_EV:
printf("unexpected event\n");
return -1;
case FE_FAILURE_EV:
printf("failure event\n");
return -1;
case FE_COMPLETION_EV:
printf("completion event\n");
}
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_vpid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_apid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = tpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_TELETEXT;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux3, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_tpid");
return -1;
}
return has_signal(fds);
}
</programlisting>
<para>The program assumes that you are using a universal LNB and a standard DiSEqC
switch with up to 4 addresses. Of course, you could build in some more checking if
tuning was successful and maybe try to repeat the tuning process. Depending on the
external hardware, i.e. LNB and DiSEqC switch, and weather conditions this may be
necessary.
</para>
</section>
<section id="the_dvr_device">
<title>The DVR device</title>
<para>The following program code shows how to use the DVR device for recording.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DVR "/dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr1"
#define AUDIO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/audio1"
#define VIDEO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/video1"
#define BUFFY (188&#x22C6;20)
#define MAX_LENGTH (1024&#x22C6;1024&#x22C6;5) /&#x22C6; record 5MB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; switch the demuxes to recording, assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int switch_to_record(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; start recording MAX_LENGTH , assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int record_dvr(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
int i;
int len;
int written;
uint8_t buf[BUFFY];
uint64_t length;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
int dvr, dvr_out;
/&#x22C6; open dvr device &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr = open(DVR, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DVR DEVICE");
return -1;
}
/&#x22C6; switch video and audio demuxes to dvr &#x22C6;/
printf ("Switching dvr on\n");
i = switch_to_record(demux1, demux2, vpid, apid);
printf("finished: ");
printf("Recording %2.0f MB of test file in TS format\n",
MAX_LENGTH/(1024.0&#x22C6;1024.0));
length = 0;
/&#x22C6; open output file &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr_out = open(DVR_FILE,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT
|O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR
|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|
S_IWOTH)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("Can't open file for dvr test");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = dvr;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
/&#x22C6; poll for dvr data and write to file &#x22C6;/
while (length &#x003C; MAX_LENGTH ) {
if (poll(pfd,1,1)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
len = read(dvr, buf, BUFFY);
if (len &#x003C; 0){
perror("recording");
return -1;
}
if (len &#x003E; 0){
written = 0;
while (written &#x003C; len)
written +=
write (dvr_out,
buf, len);
length += len;
printf("written %2.0f MB\r",
length/1024./1024.);
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
</programlisting>
</section>

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<title>Introduction</title>
<section id="requisites">
<title>What you need to know</title>
<para>The reader of this document is required to have some knowledge in
the area of digital video broadcasting (DVB) and should be familiar with
part I of the MPEG2 specification ISO/IEC 13818 (aka ITU-T H.222), i.e
you should know what a program/transport stream (PS/TS) is and what is
meant by a packetized elementary stream (PES) or an I-frame.</para>
<para>Various DVB standards documents are available from
<ulink url="http://www.dvb.org" /> and/or
<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org" />.</para>
<para>It is also necessary to know how to access unix/linux devices and
how to use ioctl calls. This also includes the knowledge of C or C++.
</para>
</section>
<section id="history">
<title>History</title>
<para>The first API for DVB cards we used at Convergence in late 1999
was an extension of the Video4Linux API which was primarily developed
for frame grabber cards. As such it was not really well suited to be
used for DVB cards and their new features like recording MPEG streams
and filtering several section and PES data streams at the same time.
</para>
<para>In early 2000, we were approached by Nokia with a proposal for a
new standard Linux DVB API. As a commitment to the development of
terminals based on open standards, Nokia and Convergence made it
available to all Linux developers and published it on
<ulink url="http://www.linuxtv.org/" /> in September 2000.
Convergence is the maintainer of the Linux DVB API. Together with the
LinuxTV community (i.e. you, the reader of this document), the Linux DVB
API will be constantly reviewed and improved. With the Linux driver for
the Siemens/Hauppauge DVB PCI card Convergence provides a first
implementation of the Linux DVB API.</para>
</section>
<section id="overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<figure id="stb_components">
<title>Components of a DVB card/STB</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.png" format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>A DVB PCI card or DVB set-top-box (STB) usually consists of the
following main hardware components: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Frontend consisting of tuner and DVB demodulator</para>
<para>Here the raw signal reaches the DVB hardware from a satellite dish
or antenna or directly from cable. The frontend down-converts and
demodulates this signal into an MPEG transport stream (TS). In case of a
satellite frontend, this includes a facility for satellite equipment
control (SEC), which allows control of LNB polarization, multi feed
switches or dish rotors.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Conditional Access (CA) hardware like CI adapters and smartcard slots
</para>
<para>The complete TS is passed through the CA hardware. Programs to
which the user has access (controlled by the smart card) are decoded in
real time and re-inserted into the TS.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Demultiplexer which filters the incoming DVB stream</para>
<para>The demultiplexer splits the TS into its components like audio and
video streams. Besides usually several of such audio and video streams
it also contains data streams with information about the programs
offered in this or other streams of the same provider.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>MPEG2 audio and video decoder</para>
<para>The main targets of the demultiplexer are the MPEG2 audio and
video decoders. After decoding they pass on the uncompressed audio and
video to the computer screen or (through a PAL/NTSC encoder) to a TV
set.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><xref linkend="stb_components" /> shows a crude schematic of the control and data flow
between those components.</para>
<para>On a DVB PCI card not all of these have to be present since some
functionality can be provided by the main CPU of the PC (e.g. MPEG
picture and sound decoding) or is not needed (e.g. for data-only uses
like &#8220;internet over satellite&#8221;). Also not every card or STB
provides conditional access hardware.</para>
</section>
<section id="dvb_devices">
<title>Linux DVB Devices</title>
<para>The Linux DVB API lets you control these hardware components
through currently six Unix-style character devices for video, audio,
frontend, demux, CA and IP-over-DVB networking. The video and audio
devices control the MPEG2 decoder hardware, the frontend device the
tuner and the DVB demodulator. The demux device gives you control over
the PES and section filters of the hardware. If the hardware does not
support filtering these filters can be implemented in software. Finally,
the CA device controls all the conditional access capabilities of the
hardware. It can depend on the individual security requirements of the
platform, if and how many of the CA functions are made available to the
application through this device.</para>
<para>All devices can be found in the <emphasis role="tt">/dev</emphasis>
tree under <emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb</emphasis>. The individual devices
are called:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/audioM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/videoM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/frontendM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/netM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/demuxM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/caM</emphasis>,</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
<para>where N enumerates the DVB PCI cards in a system starting
from&#x00A0;0, and M enumerates the devices of each type within each
adapter, starting from&#x00A0;0, too. We will omit the &#8220;<emphasis
role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/</emphasis>&#8221; in the further dicussion
of these devices. The naming scheme for the devices is the same wheter
devfs is used or not.</para>
<para>More details about the data structures and function calls of all
the devices are described in the following chapters.</para>
</section>
<section id="include_files">
<title>API include files</title>
<para>For each of the DVB devices a corresponding include file exists.
The DVB API include files should be included in application sources with
a partial path like:</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<para>To enable applications to support different API version, an
additional include file <emphasis
role="tt">linux/dvb/version.h</emphasis> exists, which defines the
constant <emphasis role="tt">DVB_API_VERSION</emphasis>. This document
describes <emphasis role="tt">DVB_API_VERSION&#x00A0;3</emphasis>.
</para>
</section>

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<section id="isdbt">
<title>ISDB-T frontend</title>
<para>This section describes shortly what are the possible parameters in the Linux
DVB-API called "S2API" and now DVB API 5 in order to tune an ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb
demodulator:</para>
<para>This ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb API extension should reflect all information
needed to tune any ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb hardware. Of course it is possible
that some very sophisticated devices won't need certain parameters to
tune.</para>
<para>The information given here should help application writers to know how
to handle ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb hardware using the Linux DVB-API.</para>
<para>The details given here about ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb are just enough to
basically show the dependencies between the needed parameter values,
but surely some information is left out. For more detailed information
see the following documents:</para>
<para>ARIB STD-B31 - "Transmission System for Digital Terrestrial
Television Broadcasting" and</para>
<para>ARIB TR-B14 - "Operational Guidelines for Digital Terrestrial
Television Broadcasting".</para>
<para>In order to read this document one has to have some knowledge the
channel structure in ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb. I.e. it has to be known to
the reader that an ISDB-T channel consists of 13 segments, that it can
have up to 3 layer sharing those segments, and things like that.</para>
<para>Parameters used by ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb.</para>
<section id="isdbt-parms">
<title>Parameters that are common with DVB-T and ATSC</title>
<section id="isdbt-freq">
<title><constant>DTV_FREQUENCY</constant></title>
<para>Central frequency of the channel.</para>
<para>For ISDB-T the channels are usally transmitted with an offset of 143kHz. E.g. a
valid frequncy could be 474143 kHz. The stepping is bound to the bandwidth of
the channel which is 6MHz.</para>
<para>As in ISDB-Tsb the channel consists of only one or three segments the
frequency step is 429kHz, 3*429 respectively. As for ISDB-T the
central frequency of the channel is expected.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-bw">
<title><constant>DTV_BANDWIDTH_HZ</constant> (optional)</title>
<para>Possible values:</para>
<para>For ISDB-T it should be always 6000000Hz (6MHz)</para>
<para>For ISDB-Tsb it can vary depending on the number of connected segments</para>
<para>Note: Hardware specific values might be given here, but standard
applications should not bother to set a value to this field as
standard demods are ignoring it anyway.</para>
<para>Bandwidth in ISDB-T is fixed (6MHz) or can be easily derived from
other parameters (DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX,
DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT).</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-delivery-sys">
<title><constant>DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: <constant>SYS_ISDBT</constant></para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-tx-mode">
<title><constant>DTV_TRANSMISSION_MODE</constant></title>
<para>ISDB-T supports three carrier/symbol-size: 8K, 4K, 2K. It is called
'mode' in the standard: Mode 1 is 2K, mode 2 is 4K, mode 3 is 8K</para>
<para>Possible values: <constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_2K</constant>, <constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K</constant>,
<constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_AUTO</constant>, <constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_4K</constant></para>
<para>If <constant>DTV_TRANSMISSION_MODE</constant> is set the <constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_AUTO</constant> the
hardware will try to find the correct FFT-size (if capable) and will
use TMCC to fill in the missing parameters.</para>
<para><constant>TRANSMISSION_MODE_4K</constant> is added at the same time as the other new parameters.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-guard-interval">
<title><constant>DTV_GUARD_INTERVAL</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_1_32</constant>, <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16</constant>, <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8</constant>,
<constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_1_4</constant>, <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO</constant></para>
<para>If <constant>DTV_GUARD_INTERVAL</constant> is set the <constant>GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO</constant> the hardware will
try to find the correct guard interval (if capable) and will use TMCC to fill
in the missing parameters.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-new-parms">
<title>ISDB-T only parameters</title>
<section id="isdbt-part-rec">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant></title>
<para><constant>If DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '0' this bit-field represents whether
the channel is in partial reception mode or not.</para>
<para>If '1' <constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYERA_*</constant> values are assigned to the center segment and
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYERA_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> has to be '1'.</para>
<para>If in addition <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '1'
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant> represents whether this ISDB-Tsb channel
is consisting of one segment and layer or three segments and two layers.</para>
<para>Possible values: 0, 1, -1 (AUTO)</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-sound-bcast">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant></title>
<para>This field represents whether the other DTV_ISDBT_*-parameters are
referring to an ISDB-T and an ISDB-Tsb channel. (See also
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant>).</para>
<para>Possible values: 0, 1, -1 (AUTO)</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-sb-ch-id">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SUBCHANNEL_ID</constant></title>
<para>This field only applies if <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '1'.</para>
<para>(Note of the author: This might not be the correct description of the
<constant>SUBCHANNEL-ID</constant> in all details, but it is my understanding of the technical
background needed to program a device)</para>
<para>An ISDB-Tsb channel (1 or 3 segments) can be broadcasted alone or in a
set of connected ISDB-Tsb channels. In this set of channels every
channel can be received independently. The number of connected
ISDB-Tsb segment can vary, e.g. depending on the frequency spectrum
bandwidth available.</para>
<para>Example: Assume 8 ISDB-Tsb connected segments are broadcasted. The
broadcaster has several possibilities to put those channels in the
air: Assuming a normal 13-segment ISDB-T spectrum he can align the 8
segments from position 1-8 to 5-13 or anything in between.</para>
<para>The underlying layer of segments are subchannels: each segment is
consisting of several subchannels with a predefined IDs. A sub-channel
is used to help the demodulator to synchronize on the channel.</para>
<para>An ISDB-T channel is always centered over all sub-channels. As for
the example above, in ISDB-Tsb it is no longer as simple as that.</para>
<para><constant>The DTV_ISDBT_SB_SUBCHANNEL_ID</constant> parameter is used to give the
sub-channel ID of the segment to be demodulated.</para>
<para>Possible values: 0 .. 41, -1 (AUTO)</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-sb-seg-idx">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX</constant></title>
<para>This field only applies if <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '1'.</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX</constant> gives the index of the segment to be
demodulated for an ISDB-Tsb channel where several of them are
transmitted in the connected manner.</para>
<para>Possible values: 0 .. <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> - 1</para>
<para>Note: This value cannot be determined by an automatic channel search.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-sb-seg-cnt">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant></title>
<para>This field only applies if <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> is '1'.</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> gives the total count of connected ISDB-Tsb
channels.</para>
<para>Possible values: 1 .. 13</para>
<para>Note: This value cannot be determined by an automatic channel search.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdb-hierq-layers">
<title>Hierarchical layers</title>
<para>ISDB-T channels can be coded hierarchically. As opposed to DVB-T in
ISDB-T hierarchical layers can be decoded simultaneously. For that
reason a ISDB-T demodulator has 3 viterbi and 3 reed-solomon-decoders.</para>
<para>ISDB-T has 3 hierarchical layers which each can use a part of the
available segments. The total number of segments over all layers has
to 13 in ISDB-T.</para>
<section id="isdbt-layer-ena">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED</constant></title>
<para>Hierarchical reception in ISDB-T is achieved by enabling or disabling
layers in the decoding process. Setting all bits of
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED</constant> to '1' forces all layers (if applicable) to be
demodulated. This is the default.</para>
<para>If the channel is in the partial reception mode
(<constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant> = 1) the central segment can be decoded
independently of the other 12 segments. In that mode layer A has to
have a <constant>SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> of 1.</para>
<para>In ISDB-Tsb only layer A is used, it can be 1 or 3 in ISDB-Tsb
according to <constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant>. <constant>SEGMENT_COUNT</constant> must be filled
accordingly.</para>
<para>Possible values: 0x1, 0x2, 0x4 (|-able)</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[0:0]</constant> - layer A</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[1:1]</constant> - layer B</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[2:2]</constant> - layer C</para>
<para><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[31:3]</constant> unused</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-layer-fec">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_FEC</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: <constant>FEC_AUTO</constant>, <constant>FEC_1_2</constant>, <constant>FEC_2_3</constant>, <constant>FEC_3_4</constant>, <constant>FEC_5_6</constant>, <constant>FEC_7_8</constant></para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-layer-mod">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_MODULATION</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: <constant>QAM_AUTO</constant>, QP<constant>SK, QAM_16</constant>, <constant>QAM_64</constant>, <constant>DQPSK</constant></para>
<para>Note: If layer C is <constant>DQPSK</constant> layer B has to be <constant>DQPSK</constant>. If layer B is <constant>DQPSK</constant>
and <constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant>=0 layer has to be <constant>DQPSK</constant>.</para>
</section>
<section id="isdbt-layer-seg-cnt">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_SEGMENT_COUNT</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1 (AUTO)</para>
<para>Note: Truth table for <constant>DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING</constant> and
<constant>DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION</constant> and <constant>LAYER</constant>*_SEGMENT_COUNT</para>
<informaltable id="isdbt-layer_seg-cnt-table">
<tgroup cols="6">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>PR</entry>
<entry>SB</entry>
<entry>Layer A width</entry>
<entry>Layer B width</entry>
<entry>Layer C width</entry>
<entry>total width</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>13</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>1 .. 13</entry>
<entry>13</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>13</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</section>
<section id="isdbt_layer_t_interl">
<title><constant>DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_TIME_INTERLEAVING</constant></title>
<para>Possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, -1 (AUTO)</para>
<para>Note: The real inter-leaver depth-names depend on the mode (fft-size); the values
here are referring to what can be found in the TMCC-structure -
independent of the mode.</para>
</section>
</section>
</section>
</section>

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<title>DVB Network API</title>
<para>The DVB net device enables feeding of MPE (multi protocol encapsulation) packets
received via DVB into the Linux network protocol stack, e.g. for internet via satellite
applications. It can be accessed through <emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapter0/net0</emphasis>. Data types and
and ioctl definitions can be accessed by including <emphasis role="tt">linux/dvb/net.h</emphasis> in your
application.
</para>
<section id="dvb_net_types">
<title>DVB Net Data Types</title>
<para>To be written&#x2026;
</para>
</section>

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