vdr/INSTALL

Installation of the Video Disk Recorder
---------------------------------------

Version 1.4
-----------

IMPORTANT NOTES:
----------------

Please make sure your environment is NOT set to use UTF-8 or
any other multibyte character representation. Check the value of your
$LANG or $LC_CTYPE environment variable, and if it contains something
like "de_DE.UTF-8", make sure you set it to something like "de_DE.iso8859-1"
or whatever single byte character mode you want. If you run VDR with
UTF-8 enabled, it may crash in case it encounters EPG or channel data
that contains non-7-bit ASCII characters. Another problem may occur if
you have mounted your video partition with "iocharset=utf8". In that case
recordings that contain umlauts or other non-seven-bit ASCII characters
may be displayed wrong, or not at all. Please make sure you mount your
video partition with "iocharset=iso8859-1" or whatever single byte character
mode you want.

Compiling and running the program:
----------------------------------

VDR requires the Linux-DVB driver header files to compile.
As of kernel 2.6 these are part of the official Linux kernel
distribution, and so they should be automatically found in
/usr/include/linux/dvb. If your DVB driver header files are
in a different location, you can rename the file Make.config.template
to Make.config and adjust the definition of DVBDIR in that file.

Refer to http://linuxtv.org for more information about the Linux-DVB driver.

VDR requires the Linux-DVB driver version dated 2003-08-23 or higher
to work properly.

You will also need to install the "libjpeg" and "libcap" libraries,
as well as their "devel" packages to get the necessary header files
for compiling VDR. If the "capability" module is not compiled into
your kernel, you may need to do "modprobe capability" before running
VDR.

After extracting the package, change into the VDR directory
and type 'make'. This should produce an executable file
named 'vdr', which can be run after the DVB driver has been
installed.

IMPORTANT: See "Configuration files" below for information on how
=========  to set up the configuration files at the proper location!

By default the 'vdr' program can be controlled via the PC keyboard.
If you want to disable control via the keyboard, you can add NO_KBD=1
to the 'make' call, or use the '--no-kbd' option at runtime.

If you have an infrared remote control unit you can define the REMOTE macro
to one of the following values in the 'make' call to make the respective control
the default:

  REMOTE=RCU    control via the "Remote Control Unit" receiver
                (see http://www.cadsoft.de/vdr/remote.htm)
  REMOTE=LIRC   control via the "Linux Infrared Remote Control"
                (see http://www.lirc.org)

Alternatively you can use the '--rcu' or '--lirc' options at runtime.
These options accept an optional path to the remote control device,
the defaults of which can be set via the RCU_DEVICE and LIRC_DEVICE macros,
respectively.

If your video directory will be on a VFAT partition, add the compile
time switch

  VFAT=1

to the 'make' command. Alternatively, you can call VDR with the command
line option '--vfat'.

When running, the 'vdr' program writes status information into the
system log file (/var/log/messages). You may want to watch these
messages (tail -f /var/log/mesages) to see if there are any problems.

The program can be controlled via a network connection to its SVDRP
port ("Simple Video Disk Recorder Protocol"). By default, it listens
on port 2001 (use the --port=PORT option to change this). For details
about the SVDRP syntax see the source file 'svdrp.c'.

WARNING: DUE TO THE OPEN SVDRP PORT THIS PROGRAM MAY CONSTITUTE A
=======  POTENTIAL SECURITY HAZARD! IF YOU ARE NOT RUNNING VDR IN
         A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT, YOU MAY WANT TO DISABLE SVDRP
         BY USING '--port=0'!

The file 'svdrphosts.conf' can be used to define which hosts are allowed
to access the SVDRP port. By default only localhost (127.0.0.1) is granted
access. If you want to give other hosts access to your SVDRP port you need to
add their IP numbers to 'svdrphosts.conf'.

If the program shall run as a daemon, use the --daemon option. This
will completely detach it from the terminal and will continue as a
background process.

When starting the program through an entry in /etc/inittab, use the --terminal
option to set the controlling terminal, as in

vdr:123:respawn:/usr/local/bin/vdr --terminal=/dev/tty8 -w 60

See the man page vdr(1) for complete information about all command line options.

Locale
------

When presenting the list of recordings, VDR sorts the entries according to
the current "locale" settings. This makes sure that special characters (like
the German "umlauts") appear at the expected positions. In order to benefit
from this you may have to set the locale environment variable, for instance

  export LANG=de_DE

for a German locale. If you don't want this to result in German error messages
in the log file, it is sufficient to just set

  export LC_COLLATE=de_DE

which only influences the way strings are sorted and leaves error messages
in English.

Automatic restart in case of hangups:
-------------------------------------

If you run VDR using the 'runvdr' shell script it will use the built-in
watchdog timer to restart the program in case something happens that
causes a program hangup. If you change the command line options for the
call to the VDR program, be sure to NOT use the '-d' option! Otherwise
VDR will go into 'daemon' mode and the initial program call will return
immediately! 'runvdr' needs to be started as user 'root'. Use the '-u'
option to run the actual 'vdr' program under a different user id.
Note that the 'runvdr' script needs to be adjusted to your particular
requirements before you can actually use it. See the comments inside
the script for more information.

Setting the system time:
------------------------

If you want VDR to set the system time according to the data received
from the transponder, you need to start VDR as user 'root'. For security
reasons you should then use the '-u' option to define a lesser privileged
user id under which VDR should actually run. It will then only keep the
capability to set the system time, and set its user id to the given one.
You also need to enable the "EPG/Set system time" option in VDR's
Setup menu, and select a transponder from which you want to receive
the time in "Use time from transponder". Make sure you select a transponder
that has a reliable clock - some transponders are quite off.

Automatic shutdown:
-------------------

If you define a shutdown command via the '-s' command line option, VDR
will call the given command if there is currently no recording or replay
active, the user has been inactive for at least MinUserInactivity minutes
and the next timer event is at least MinEventTimeout minutes in the future
(see the Setup parameters in MANUAL).

The command given in the '-s' option will be called with five parameters.
The first one is the time (in UTC) of the next timer event (as a time_t
type number), and the second one is the number of seconds from the current
time until the next timer event. Your program can choose which one to use
for programming some sort of hardware device that makes sure the computer
will be restarted in time before the next timer event. Your program must
also initiate the actual shutdown procedure of the computer. After this
your program should return to VDR. VDR will not automatically exit after
calling the shutdown program, but will rather continue normally until it
receives a SIGTERM when the computer is actually shut down. So in case
the shutdown fails, or the shutdown program for some reason decides not to
perform a shutdown, VDR will stay up and running and will call the shutdown
program again after another MinUserInactivity minutes.

If there are currently no timers active, both parameters will be '0'.
In that case the program shall not set the hardware for automatic restart
and only perform the system shutdown. A program that uses the second parameter
to set the hardware for restart must therefore also check whether the first
parameter is '0'.

The third parameter contains the number of the channel that will be recorded
by the next timer (or 0 if no timer is present), and the fourth parameter
contains the file name of the recording as defined in the timer (or an empty
string if no timer is present). These can be used by the shutdown program to
show that information on some display interface etc.

The fifth parameter indicates the reason why the shutdown was requested.
'0' means this is an automatic shutdown due to some timeout, while '1' means
that this is a user requested shutdown (resulting from pressing the "Power"
key). The shutdown program may use this information to decide whether or
not to actually perform the system shutdown.

If a timer is currently recording, the parameters will reflect the start
time of that timer. This means that the first parameter will be a time in
the past, and the second parameter will be a negative number. This only
happens if the user presses the "Power" key while a timer is currently
recording.

Before the shutdown program is called, the user will be prompted to inform
him that the system is about to shut down. If any remote control key is
pressed while this prompt is visible, the shutdown will be cancelled (and
tried again after another MinUserInactivity minutes). The shutdown prompt
will be displayed for 5 minutes, which should be enough time for the user
to react.

A sample shell script to be used with the '-s' option might look like this:

#!/bin/sh
setRTCwakeup $(($1 - 300))
sudo halt

Here 'setRTCwakeup' would be some program that uses the first parameter
(which is the absolute time of the next timer event) to set the Real Time
Clock so that it wakes up the computer 5 minutes (i.e. 300 seconds) before
that event. The 'sudo halt' command then shuts down the computer.
You will have to substitute both commands with whatever applies to your
particular hard- and software environment.

If the '-s' option is present, the VDR machine can be turned off by pressing
the "Power" key on the remote control.

Executing commands before and after a recording:
------------------------------------------------

You can use the '-r' option to define a program or script that gets called
before and after a recording is performed, and after an editing process
has finished.

The program will be called with two string parameters. The first parameter
is one of

  before      if this is *before* a recording starts
  after       if this is *after* a recording has finished
  edited      if this is after a recording has been *edited*

and the second parameter contains the full name of the recording's
directory (which may not yet exists at that moment in the "before" case).
In the "edited" case it will be the name of the edited version.

Within this program you can do anything you would like to do before and/or
after a recording or after an editing process. However, the program must return
as soon as possible, because otherwise it will block further execution of VDR.
Be especially careful to make sure the program returns before the watchdog
timeout you may have set up with the '-w' option! If the operation you want to
perform will take longer, you will have to run it as a background job.

An example script for use with the '-r' option could look like this:

#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
     before)
            echo "Before recording $2"
            ;;
     after)
            echo "After recording $2"
            ;;
     edited)
            echo "Edited recording $2"
            ;;
     *)
            echo "ERROR: unknown state: $1"
            ;;
     esac

Command line options:
---------------------

Use "vdr --help" for a list of available command line options.

Replaying Dolby Digital audio:
------------------------------

If you have a "full featured" DVB card with SPDIF output you can replay
Dolby Digital audio directly through the DVB card.
You can also use an external program that reads the DD data
from stdin and processes it in a way suitable for your audio hardware.
This program must be given to VDR with the '-a' option, as in

  vdr -a ac3play

The video data directory:
-------------------------

All recordings are written into directories below "/video". Please
make sure this directory exists, and that the user who runs the 'vdr'
program has read and write access to that directory.
If you prefer a different location for your video files, you can use
the '-v' option to change that. Please make sure that the directory
name you use with '-v' is a clean and absolute path name (no '..' or
multiple slashes).

Note that the file system need not be 64-bit proof, since the 'vdr'
program splits video files into chunks of about 2GB. You should use
a disk with several gigabytes of free space. One GB can store roughly
half an hour of video data.

If you have more than one disk and don't want to combine them to form
one large logical volume, you can set up several video directories as
mount points for these disks. All of these directories must have the
same basic name and must end with a numeric part, which starts at 0 for
the main directory and has increasing values for the rest of the
directories. For example

   /video0
   /video1
   /video2

would be a setup with three directories. You can use more than one
numeric digit, and the directories need not be directly under '/':

   /mnt/MyVideos/vdr.00
   /mnt/MyVideos/vdr.01
   /mnt/MyVideos/vdr.02
   ...
   /mnt/MyVideos/vdr.11

would set up twelve disks (wow, what a machine that would be!).

To use such a multi directory setup, you need to add the '-v' option
with the name of the basic directory when running 'vdr':

   vdr -v /video0

Note that you should not copy any non-VDR files into the /videoX directories,
since this might cause a lot of unnecessary disk access when VDR cleans up those
directories and there is a large number of files and/or subdirectories in
there.

If your video directory is mounted via a Samba share, and you are experiencing
problems with replaying in fast forward mode, you can comment out the line

#define USE_FADVISE

in the file tools.c, which may lead to better results.

Configuration files:
--------------------

There are several configuration files that hold information about
channels, remote control keys, timers etc. By default these files are
assumed to be located in the video directory, but a different directory
can be used with the '-c' option. Plugins assume their configuration files
in a subdirectory called "plugins" of this directory.

For starters just copy all *.conf files from the VDR directory into your
video directory.

The configuration files can be edited with any text editor, or will be written
by the 'vdr' program if any changes are made inside the on-screen menus.
Take a look at man page vdr(5) for information about the file formats.

The files that come with this package contain the author's selections,
so please make sure you adapt these to your personal taste. Also make sure
that the channels defined in 'channels.conf' are correct before attempting
to record anything. Channel parameters may vary and not all of the channels
listed in the default 'channels.conf' file have been verified by the author.

As a starting point you can copy the 'channels.conf' file that comes with the
VDR archive into your video directory (or into your config directory,
respectively, in case you have redirected it with the -c option).

Setting up DiSEqC:
------------------

If you are using a DVB-S card with a satellite equipment that needs to be
accessed using DiSEqC, you have to go to the "Setup" menu and set the "DiSEqC"
parameter to "on". You also need to set up the file 'diseqc.conf' to properly
access your DiSEqC equipment (see man vdr(5) for details).

Running VDR with DVB-C (cable) or DVB-T (terrestrial):
------------------------------------------------------

VDR automatically recognizes if the DVB card in use is a cable or a
terrestrial card. The only thing that needs to be different when using digital
cable or terrestrial reception is the 'channels.conf' file. The distribution
archive contains a default 'channels.conf.cable' and 'channels.conf.terr',
respectively, which users of such cards can rename or copy to 'channels.conf'
in order to receive digital cable or terrestrial channels. The format of these
files is mostly the same as for satellite channels, however, some fields have
different or extended meanings (see man vdr(5) for details).

You can even use a mixture of DVB-S, DVB-C and DVB-T cards in the same system.
All you need to do is to put all the channel definitions into one big
'channels.conf' file. VDR will automatically know which channels can be
received with which card(s) by evaluating the 'source' parameter.

Learning the remote control keys:
---------------------------------

There is no default 'remote.conf' file, so you will have to go through a "teach-in"
session that allows the program to learn your remote control codes.
It will first attempt to determine the basic data transfer mode and
timing of your remote control unit, and then will ask you to press one
key after the other so that it can learn the various key codes. You will
at least need to provide an "Up" and a "Down" key, so that you can switch
channels. The rest of the key definitions is optional, but the more keys
you define, the more you will be able to navigate through the menus and
control recording/replaying. The program uses only a very small number
of keys which have multiple meanings in the various modes (see MANUAL
for a detailed description).

The recommended PC key assignments are:

  Up, Down, Left, Right     Crsr keys in numeric block
  Menu                      'Home' in numeric block
  Ok                        'Enter'
  Back                      'End' in numeric block
  Red, Green, Yellow, Blue  'F1'..'F4'
  0..9                      '0'..'9' in top row
  Power                     'P'
  Volume+/-                 '+', '-'
  Mute                      'm'

If you prefer different key assignments, or if the default doesn't work for
your keyboard, simply delete the file 'remote.conf' and restart 'vdr' to get
into learning mode.

Generating source code documentation:
-------------------------------------

You can do a 'make srcdoc' to generate source code documentation using the
Doxygen tool. To do so you need the Doxygen package from http://www.doxygen.org
and the Graphviz package from http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz.
After installing these two packages you can do 'make srcdoc' and then use your
HTML browser to read srcdoc/html/index.html.